#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
#define int long long
int t, n, k;
void solve() {
cin >> n >> k;
int initial = (1 << n);
k--;
int res = 0;
while (k--) {
initial /= 2;
res += 2;
}
cout << initial + res << '\n';
}
int32_t main() {
cin >> t;
while(t--) {
solve();
}
return 0;
}
I2luY2x1ZGUgPGJpdHMvc3RkYysrLmg+CnVzaW5nIG5hbWVzcGFjZSBzdGQ7CgojZGVmaW5lIGludCBsb25nIGxvbmcKCmludCB0LCBuLCBrOwoKdm9pZCBzb2x2ZSgpIHsKICAgIGNpbiA+PiBuID4+IGs7CiAgICBpbnQgaW5pdGlhbCA9ICgxIDw8IG4pOwogICAgay0tOwoKICAgIGludCByZXMgPSAwOwogICAgd2hpbGUgKGstLSkgewogICAgICAgIGluaXRpYWwgLz0gMjsKICAgICAgICByZXMgKz0gMjsKICAgIH0KCiAgICBjb3V0IDw8IGluaXRpYWwgKyByZXMgPDwgJ1xuJzsKfQoKaW50MzJfdCBtYWluKCkgewoKICAgIGNpbiA+PiB0OwogICAgd2hpbGUodC0tKSB7CiAgICAgICAgc29sdmUoKTsKICAgIH0KICAgIAogICAgcmV0dXJuIDA7Cn0=