#include<bits/stdc++.h>
#define TIME (1.0* clock()/CLOCKS_PER_SEC)
#define pb push_back
#define eb emplace_back
#define id1 (id<<1)
#define id2 (id<<1)|1
#define ll long long
#define ii pair<int,int>
#define vi vector<int>
#define vii vector<pair<int,int>>
#define vl vector<long long>
#define vll vector <pair<ll,ll>>
#define li pair<long long,int>
#define vil vector <pair<int,ll>>
#define db double
#define ff first
#define ss second
#define lb lower_bound
#define ub upper_bound
#define FOR(i, a, b) for (int i = (a); i <=(b); i++)
#define F0R(i, a) FOR(i, 0, a-1)
#define ROF(i, a, b) for (int i = (b); i >= (a); i--)
#define R0F(i, a) ROF(i, 0, a-1)
#define rep(a) F0R(_, a)
#define each(a, x) for (auto &a : x)
#define ALL(x) (x).begin(),(x).end()
#define pq priority_queue <li, vector <li>, greater <li>>
using namespace std;
const int maxn=1e6;
//const int MOD=1e9+7;
//const int MOD=998244353;
//const int dx[4]{1, 0, -1, 0}, dy[4]{0, 1, 0, -1};
int n;
void solve(){
cin >> n;
vl a(n);
for(int i=0;i<n;i++) cin>>a[i];
int pos=0;
for(int i=1;i<n;i++) {
if(a[i] > a[pos]) pos = i;
}
vl b(n);
for(int i = 0; i < n; i++){
b[i] = a[(pos + i) % n];
}
vi parent(n, -1), st;
for(int i = 0; i < n; i++){
int last = -1;
while(!st.empty() && b[st.back()] <= b[i]){
last = st.back();
st.pop_back();
}
if(!st.empty()) parent[i] = st.back();
if(last != -1) parent[last] = i;
st.push_back(i);
}
vi child(n, 0);
for(int i = 0; i < n; i++)
if(parent[i] != -1) child[parent[i]]++;
ll ans = 0;
for(int i = 0; i < n; i++)
ans += b[i] * 1LL * child[i];
cout << ans << "\n";
}
signed main(){
ios_base::sync_with_stdio(false);
cin.tie(NULL);cout.tie(NULL);
if (fopen("TASK.INP", "r")){
freopen("TASK.INP", "r", stdin);
freopen("TASK.OUT", "w", stdout);
}
int ntest;
ntest=1;
cin>>ntest;
for(int i=1;i<=ntest;i++) solve();
cerr<<"\n"<<"Time elapsed "<<TIME<<"s.\n";
return 0;
}
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